IKS (INDIAN KNOWLES SYSTEM)

☆ RASA THEORY 


■ EXPLANATION OF RASA THEORY 


□ INTRODUCTION :

There are six types of Indian notice are as  follow :
▪︎ Auchitya
▪︎Rasa 
▪︎Alankar
▪︎Vriti
▪︎Vakkrokti
▪︎Dwani

¤ What is Rasa ?

○"रसयते अनेन ईति रस"

[Relised- Like the taste of food is Rasa]

* Rasa is the soul of any literature 

》 They are related to each other for the product the emotion in the mind of readuce and spectators.

》 In all these branches Rasa is the most ancient theory in Indian aesthetics.

》 It established by Bharat Muni who is the author of "Natyashastra".

》 Rasa is the soul of literature.

》 Rasa is produced by the mingling of vibhava, anubhava, vyabhicharibhava.

》 Bharat Muni gives the detail on Rasa in chapter 6 and 7 of Natyashastra.

》 If no Rasa in literature then it becomes spoiled.

"न हि रसादृते कश्चिदर्थः प्रवर्तते"

"Nahi Rasadrite Kashidarth Pravrattate."

→ No meaning can be rendered in absence of Rasa.

✶ Meaning of Rasa :-

The word Rasa is composed of two letters ‘Ra’ and ‘Sa’.

‘Ra’ means ‘together’ and ‘Sa’ means ‘motion’.

Rasa means: ‘to flow’, ‘pleasure’, ‘delight’, ‘interest’, ‘charm’, ‘beauty’, ‘elegance’, etc.


✶ DEFINITION OF RASA :

The famous definition of Rasa in the aphoristic form is given in chapter XI of Natyashastra (called “Rasasutra”).

“विभावानुभावव्यभिचारिसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः।”

"Vibhava, Anubhava, Vyabhicharibhava, Samyogad, Rasanishpattih."

→ Rasa is the accomplished as a result of the conjunction of Vibhava, Anubhava and Vyabhichari Bhava.

"विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारिभाव, संयोगाद्, रसनिष्पत्तिः।"

Vibhava has two types :-

Vibhava means causes / circumstances.


Vibhava
⤷ Alambana → person
⤷ Uddipan → cause / circumstance → situation

Vibhava = stimulant / determinant.


→ Two types of Vibhava

1. Alambana :- means a person or persons with reference to whom the emotion is manifested.

2.Uddipan :- Circumstances that have excited the emotion.

Love is Sthayibhava.

In Sanskrit verse, Love is called as Rati, and it has Sringara Rasa.


✶ Anubhava :-
→ It means bodily expressions by which the emotion is expressed.

✶ Bhava :-

Bharatmuni gives three types of Bhava.

According to Natyashastra there are three types of Bhava as follows :-


1. Sthayibhava : (8)


2. Vyabhicaribhava : (33)


3. Satvikbhava : (8)



Sthayibhava → Rasa

1. Rati (Love) :evokes Śṛṅgāra (Erotic)
→ There are 2 conditions in Śṛṅgāra Rasa:
(a) In union
(b) In separation


2. Hāsa :evokes Hāsya (Comic)
→ There are six types of Hāsa:
(a) Smita [Smile]
(b) Hasita [Smile]
(c) Vihasita [Gentle laughter]
(d) Upahasita [Ridiculous]
(e) Apahasita [Vulgar laughter]
(f) Atihasita [Excessive laughter]


3. Śoka :evokes Karuṇa (Pathetic)


4. Krodha (Anger) :evokes Raudra (Furious)


5. Utsāha: evokes Vīra (Heroic)


6. Bhaya (Fear): evokes Bhayānaka (Terrible)



7.Jugupsa :Jugupsa evokes Bibhatsa [Disgust]

8.Vismaaya: Vismaaya evokes Adbhuta [Marvellous]

9.Sama:Sama evokes Shaant [Tranquillity / Peace]


---

 9th Rasa is added by Abhinav Gupta named Shaant Rasa (Book – Abhinav Bharati)


---

Vyabhicharibhava or Sanchari Bhava → Transitory mental state

What is Vyabhichari Bhava?
Vyabhichari Bhava means a series of diverse emotions that feed the dominant emotions.

Vyabhicharibhava = (33)

1. Nirveda – Sorrow


2. Glani – Weakness (Mentally)


3. Sanka – Doubt


4. Asuya – Envy


5. Mada – Intoxication



6 Śrama – Tiredness (physically)


7. Ālaya – Laziness


8. Dainyā – Miserableness


9. Cintā – Worry


10. Moha – Confusion


11. Smṛti – Memory


12. Dhṛti – Tolerance


13. Vrīḍā – Shame


14. Chapalatā – Fickleness


15. Harṣa – Pleasure


16. Āvega – Excitement


17. Jāḍatā – Invalidity


18. Garva – Pride


19. Viṣāda – Despair / Hopelessness


20. Autskukya – Impatience


21. Nidrā – Sleep


22. Apasmāra – Fainting / Loss of consciousness


23. Supta / Svapna – Dreaming


24. Vibodha – Awakening


25. Amarṣa – Feeling of anger


26. Avahittha – Concealment / Pretension


27. Ugrata – Cruelty / Aggression


28 Mati – Understanding


29. Vyādhi – Sickness


30. Unmāda – Madness


31. Mṛtyu – Death


32. Trāsa – Fear


33. Vitarka – Reasonable


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